Do you want to create custom taxonomies in WordPress?
By default, WordPress allows you to organize your content with categories and tags. But with custom taxonomies, you can further customize the way you sort your content.
In this article, we’ll show you how to easily create custom taxonomies in WordPress with or without using a plugin.
While creating custom taxonomies is powerful, there’s a lot to cover. To help you set this up properly, we have created an easy table of content below:
- What is a WordPress Taxonomy?
- How to Create Custom Taxonomies in WordPress
- Creating Custom Taxonomies With A Plugin (The Easy Way)
- Creating Custom Taxonomies Manually (with code)
- Displaying Custom Taxonomies
- Adding Taxonomies For Custom Posts
- Adding Custom Taxonomies to Navigation Menu
- Take WordPress Taxonomies Further
What is a WordPress Taxonomy?
A WordPress taxonomy is a way to organize groups of posts and custom post types. The word taxonomy comes from the biological classification method called Linnaean taxonomy.
By default, WordPress comes with two taxonomies called categories and tags. You can use them to organize your blog posts.
However, if you are using a custom post type, then categories and tags may not look suitable for all content types.
For instance, you can create a custom post type called ‘Books’ and sort it using a custom taxonomy called ‘topics’.
You can add topic terms like Adventure, Romance, Horror, and other book topics you want. This would allow you, and your readers to easily sort books by each topic.
Taxonomies can also be hierarchical, meaning that you can have main topics like Fiction and Nonfiction. Then you’d have subtopics under each category.
For example, Fiction would have Adventure, Romance, and Horror as sub-topics.
Now that you know what a custom taxonomy is, let’s learn how to create custom taxonomies in WordPress.
How to Create Custom Taxonomies in WordPress
We will use two methods to create custom taxonomies. First, we’ll use a plugin to create custom taxonomies.
For the second method, we’ll show you the code method, and how to use it to create your custom taxonomies without using a plugin.
Create Custom Taxonomies In WordPress (Video Tutorial)
If you prefer written instructions, then continue reading.
Creating Custom Taxonomies With A Plugin (The Easy Way)
First thing you need to do is install and activate the Custom Post Type UI plugin. For details, see our guide on how to install a WordPress plugin.
In this tutorial, we’ve already created a custom post type and called it ‘Books.’ So make sure you have a custom post type created before you begin creating your taxonomies.
Next, go to CPT UI » Add/Edit Taxonomies menu item in the WordPress admin area to create your first taxonomy.
On this screen, you will need to do the following:
- Create your taxonomy slug (this will go in your URL)
- Create the plural label
- Create the singular label
- Auto-populate labels
Your first step is to create a slug for the taxonomy. This slug is used in the URL and in WordPress search queries.
This can only contain letters and numbers, and it will automatically be converted to lowercase letters.
Next, you will fill in the plural and singular names for your custom taxonomy.
From there, you have the option to click on the link ‘Populate additional labels based on chosen labels’. If you do this, then the plugin will auto-fill in the rest of the label fields for you.
Now, scroll down to the ‘Additional Labels’ section. In this area, you can provide a description of your post type.
These labels are used in your WordPress dashboard when you’re editing and managing content for that particular custom taxonomy.
Next up, we have the settings option. In this area, you can set up different attributes for each taxonomy you create. Each option has a description detailing what it does.
In the screenshot above, you’ll see we chose to make this taxonomy hierarchical. This means our taxonomy ‘Subjects’ can have sub-topics. For instance, a subject called Fiction can have sub-topics like Fantasy, Thriller, Mystery, and more.
There are many other settings further down your screen in your WordPress dashboard, but you can leave them as-is for this tutorial.
You can now click on the ‘Add Taxonomy’ button at the bottom to save your custom taxonomy.
After that, go ahead and edit the post type associated with this taxonomy in the WordPress content editor to start using it.
Creating Custom Taxonomies Manually (with code)
This method requires you to add code to your WordPress website. If you have not done it before, then we recommend reading our guide on how to easily add code snippets in WordPress.
1. Creating a Hierarchical Taxonomy
Let’s start with a hierarchical taxonomy that works like categories and can have parent and child terms.
Add the following code in your theme’s functions.php file or in a site-specific plugin (recommended) to create a hierarchical custom taxonomy like categories:
//hook into the init action and call create_book_taxonomies when it fires
add_action( 'init', 'create_subjects_hierarchical_taxonomy', 0 );
//create a custom taxonomy name it subjects for your posts
function create_subjects_hierarchical_taxonomy() {
// Add new taxonomy, make it hierarchical like categories
//first do the translations part for GUI
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'Subjects', 'taxonomy general name' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'Subject', 'taxonomy singular name' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Subjects' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Subjects' ),
'parent_item' => __( 'Parent Subject' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Subject:' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Subject' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update Subject' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New Subject' ),
'new_item_name' => __( 'New Subject Name' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'Subjects' ),
);
// Now register the taxonomy
register_taxonomy('subjects',array('books'), array(
'hierarchical' => true,
'labels' => $labels,
'show_ui' => true,
'show_in_rest' => true,
'show_admin_column' => true,
'query_var' => true,
'rewrite' => array( 'slug' => 'subject' ),
));
}
Don’t forget to replace the taxonomy name and labels with your own taxonomy labels. You will also notice that this taxonomy is associated with the Books post type, you’ll need to change that to whatever post type you want to use it with.
2. Creating a Non-hierarchical Taxonomy
To create a non-hierarchical custom taxonomy like Tags, add this code in your theme’s functions.php or in a site-specific plugin:
//hook into the init action and call create_topics_nonhierarchical_taxonomy when it fires
add_action( 'init', 'create_topics_nonhierarchical_taxonomy', 0 );
function create_topics_nonhierarchical_taxonomy() {
// Labels part for the GUI
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'Topics', 'taxonomy general name' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'Topic', 'taxonomy singular name' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Topics' ),
'popular_items' => __( 'Popular Topics' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Topics' ),
'parent_item' => null,
'parent_item_colon' => null,
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Topic' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update Topic' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New Topic' ),
'new_item_name' => __( 'New Topic Name' ),
'separate_items_with_commas' => __( 'Separate topics with commas' ),
'add_or_remove_items' => __( 'Add or remove topics' ),
'choose_from_most_used' => __( 'Choose from the most used topics' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'Topics' ),
);
// Now register the non-hierarchical taxonomy like tag
register_taxonomy('topics','books',array(
'hierarchical' => false,
'labels' => $labels,
'show_ui' => true,
'show_in_rest' => true,
'show_admin_column' => true,
'update_count_callback' => '_update_post_term_count',
'query_var' => true,
'rewrite' => array( 'slug' => 'topic' ),
));
}
Notice the difference between the 2 codes. Value for hierarchical argument is true for category-like taxonomy and false for tags-like taxonomies.
Also, in the labels array for non-hierarchical tags-like taxonomy, we have added null for parent_item and parent_item_colon arguments which means that nothing will be shown in the UI to create parent item.
Displaying Custom Taxonomies
Now that we have created custom taxonomies and have added a few terms, your WordPress theme will still not display them.
In order to display them, you’ll need to add some code to your WordPress theme or child theme.
This code will need to be added in templates files where you want to display the terms.
Usually, it is single.php, content.php, or one of the files inside the template-parts folder in your WordPress theme. To figure out which file you need to edit, see our guide to WordPress template hierarchy for details.
You will need to add the following code where you want to display the terms.
<?php the_terms( $post->ID, 'topics', 'Topics: ', ', ', ' ' ); ?>
You can add it in other files as well such as archive.php, index.php, and anywhere else you want to display the taxonomy.
By default your custom taxonomies use the archive.php template to display posts. However, you can create a custom archive display for them by creating taxonomy-{taxonomy-slug}.php.
Adding Taxonomies For Custom Posts
Now that you know how to create custom taxonomies, let’s put them to use with an example.
We’re going to create a taxonomy and call it Non-fiction.
Since we have a custom post type named ‘Books,’ it’s similar to how you’d create a regular blog post.
In your WordPress dashboard, go to Books » Subjects to add a term or subject.
On this screen, you’ll see 4 areas:
- Name
- Slug
- Parent
- Description
In the name, you’ll write out the term you want to add. You can skip the slug part and provide a description for this particular term (optional).
Lastly, click the ‘Add New Subject’ button to create your new taxonomy.
Your newly added term will now appear in the right column.
Now you have a new term that you can use in your blog posts.
You can also add terms directly while editing or writing content under that particular post type.
Simply go to the Books » Add new page to create a post. On the post edit screen, you’ll find the option to select or create new terms from the right column.
After adding terms, you can go ahead and publish that content.
All your posts filed under that term will be accessible on your website on their own URL. For instance, posts filed under Fiction subject would appear at the following URL:
https://example.com/subject/fiction/
Adding Custom Taxonomies to Navigation Menu
Now that you have created custom taxonomies, you may want to display in your website’s navigation menu.
Go to Appearance » Menus and select the terms you want to add under your custom taxonomy tab.
Don’t forget to click on the Save Menu button to save your settings.
You can now visit your website to see your menu in action.
For more detailed, see our step by step guide on how to create a dropdown menu in WordPress.
Take WordPress Taxonomies Further
There are a ton of things you can do with custom taxonomies. For instance, you can show them in a sidebar widget or add image icons for each term.
You can also add enable RSS feed for custom taxonomies in WordPress and allow users to subscribe individual terms.
If you want to customize the layout of your custom taxonomy pages, then you can check out Beaver Themer or Divi. They’re both drag and drop WordPress page builder that allows you to create custom layouts without any coding.
We hope this article helped you learn how to create custom taxonomies in WordPress. You may also want to see our guide on how WordPress works behind the scenes, and how to create a custom WordPress theme without writing any code.
If you liked this article, then please subscribe to our YouTube Channel for WordPress video tutorials. You can also find us on Twitter and Facebook.
Kira says
Hello.
I don’t understand this part:
ID, ‘topics’, ‘Topics: ‘, ‘, ‘, ‘ ‘ ); ?>
I mean, should I paste exactly that part into my loop-single.php?
I’m using a taxonomy called “writer”
WPBeginner Support says
It would depend on where you want to display the terms, normally it would be added to the single.php.
Admin
Wolfgang says
Hi,
I used your article to create a CPT with a hierarchical and a non-hierarchical taxonomy attached to it. I created a few entries and it all seems to be working fine. Both taxonomies display fine in their respective archive pages. One thing I noticed though when I tried to add the taxonomies to the menu was that the non-hierarchical taxonomy was available in the “Add menu item” column but the hierarchical taxonomy was NOT.
Is that an expected behavior? If not what could be going wrong?
Thanks
WPBeginner Support says
The most common issues you could check would be that you have published content in the taxonomy and you may want to test adding a different content type to test if it is an issue with the taxonomy or something else.
Admin
mb says
what does this line do
‘menu_name’ => __( ‘Subjects’ ),
is this in order to add taxonomies to the menu
aditya says
hii i try everything but i taxonomy not showing in product. please help me.
WPBeginner Support says
You would want to check under your preferences to ensure it is not hidden for your user.
Admin
Gina Wilson says
This tutorial and specifically the part of how to display the custom taxonomy was a lifesaver! I’m very much a beginner and this was very helpful in understanding where I went wrong in my coding.
Thank you!!!
WPBeginner Support says
Glad our guide was helpful
Admin
fengquanli says
this is very confident with the custom post ui, thanks very much ,it’s very useful for get them.
WPBeginner Support says
Glad our guide was helpful
Admin
Bruno Oliveira says
Awesome tutorial! i have one question. how do i use my new taxonomy slug as permalink like category (/%category%/%year%/%monthnum%/%day%/%postname%/)
I want something like /%custom_taxonomy%/%year%/%monthnum%/%day%/%postname%/
i keep getting 404 error
WPBeginner Support says
That is not something WordPress would allow by default and would require some custom coding to set up.
Admin
vikas says
i tried the plugin method , it sucessfully created a new category in custom post type but it is not showing on my posts like tags and other categoties. can you help me with that?
WPBeginner Support says
You would want to reach out to the support for your specific theme for customizing the display to include your taxonomy.
Admin
Richard says
I am creating a podcast network where I have multiple podcasts on a single site with episodes under each individual podcast. Would something like this work for that? I really don’t want to go the multi site route.
WPBeginner Support says
You can certainly use this should you want or another option would be to create a custom post type depending on your preference.
Admin
Maria says
Hello is possible add the custom taxonomies to a custom product type?
I create a custom product call drinks and i have several taxonomies like country, material and etc
I want when the user click in drinks then only apperas those taxonomies, is this posiible?
WPBeginner Support says
You should be able to using the plugin method.
Admin
Parveen Kaushik says
Hi,
Thanks for this article, I am getting 404 page after using this code, can you help me
WPBeginner Support says
If you haven’t done so yet, resave your permalinks for the most common solution
Admin
Mike Smith says
this code works great on my site for work. Can you tell me how to add the custom taxonomy into the site’s rss feed?
WPBeginner Support says
It would depend on what you are looking for, for a starting point you would want to take a look at our article below:
https://www.wpbeginner.com/wp-tutorials/how-to-make-a-separate-rss-feed-for-each-custom-post-type-in-wordpress/
Admin
angela says
thank you for taking the time to post this, this was the first site that actually explained this and it made sense, haha. im a happy camper now
WPBeginner Support says
You’re welcome, glad our guide could help simplify the process
Admin
Jem says
How to show custom taxonomy (checkbox list) in Post editor page like category and tag?
WPBeginner Support says
It would depend on which method you used to create the custom taxonomy, if you’re using the plugin you would want to reach out to the plugin’s support to make sure they have show_in_rest set to true for seeing it in the block editor.
Admin
Jem says
No, I am not using any plugin. I have just copy paste your snippet. Its create new taxonomy. But it is not display in post editor page like category, tags display on rightside panel.
Can you please guide me how can I show custom taxonomy in post editor page?
WPBeginner Support says
In the register_taxonomy array, you would want to first try adding a new line with the code below:
‘show_in_rest’ => true,
Jim Gersetich says
The first half of this post is completely useless. the Simple Taxonomy plugin doesn’t work with the current WordPress version, and it hasn’t been updated in four years.
Please try to find another plugin and change that section to go with the new one.
WPBeginner Support says
Thank you for letting us know, we’ll certainly take a look at updating this article.
Admin
joe barrett says
Don’t forget to add ‘show_in_rest’ => true,
if you want to use your custom items in rest api to $args
WPBeginner Support says
Thanks for sharing this for those wanting to add this functionality.
Admin
Michael Morad-McCoy says
I tried putting this in a site-specfic plug-in and get the following in a box at the top:
y() expects parameter 1 to be a valid callback, function ‘create_topics_hierarchical_taxonomy’ not found or invalid function name in /home2/kaibabpr/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286
Warning: Cannot modify header information – headers already sent by (output started at /home2/kaibabpr/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php:286) in /home2/kaibabpr/public_html/wp-admin/includes/misc.php on line 1198
as this is the first time I tried this, I’m at a loss.
WPBeginner Support says
You may want to ensure your site-specific plugin is a php file after you added the code as sometimes your operating system can try to edit the file type.
Admin
Naji Boutros says
Do you have a different plugin to recommend?
Ajeet singh says
this is very helpful tutorial …..thnks a lot.
Suresh says
Thanks for sharing this code. I used non-hierarchy code, and admin part is working fine. I have created a separate template as well like taxonomy-[taxoName]-.php But while trying to access the URL, giving HTTP error 500. I have tried multiple things, like new cache starts, permalink re-save, new .htaccess and memory increase. even then page is not working. kindly help
Rabby says
WOW, Amazing and helpful details. I’ve created my custom taxonomy using manual rules. Thanks
Joseph Peter says
Hi,
than you for this useful information, iam new to wordpress and i wanted to know the meaning thats i landed here, it was actually helpful.
Best Regards
Joseph Peter
Cindi Gay says
I used the code for adding a tag to a custom post type. Luckily Topics is exactly the label I needed so all I needed to change was post to lesson (I am modifying the LifterLMS lesson post type).
Now I want to display the tags. I tried using the default WordPress Tag Cloud but it does not change to the newly added tag. It continues to show all my post tags even when I choose Topics
Is there a step I am missing? How do I display the new tag: Topics?
Ero says
Taxonomies don’t behave exactly like default posts’ categories. They don’t appear in the URL (especially for nested taxonomies). Is there any way to set a custom taxonomy associated to a custom post type to behave like posts’ categories ?
Rangan Roy says
I have used this code in my gallery custom post type for category support. It shows the name of the category but when i click on the category name it shows 404:error not found. Please help me to solve it. I want the category posts to show on my archive.php page.
Utshab Roy says
I got this same problem that you are facing. The way I solved it is very easy. Go to your permalink settings and click the save button. Refresh the page. This simple step will save the issue.
Carol says
This worked! Thank you so much.
Russell says
Hi, I created custom meta box with new category. I can also show it to the post page. But when I click to the newly created category item it gives a 404 page. I wan it to work like tags, default category or author. So that If I click it shows all the post under that category.
Olivier says
Hello,
I am new to WordPress and coding in general. This tutorial is very well explained, thank you.
However I don’t understand how to display the terms of my taxonomy on my pages.
Where do I have to go to “Add this single line of code in your single.php file within the loop” ?
Thank you for your help
Best,
Olivier
Azamat says
Thank you so much for this great tutorial!
I created custom taxanomy on my website dedicated to books and now I’m able to filter books by authors!
James Angel says
The trouble with some plugins is that they may not be compatible with all themes. I have found that it pays to have a qualified developer do his/her part and test and troubleshoot any Web site alteration after adding a plugin or updating WordPress to a newer version to ensure everything works as it should.
paul says
Man you are a legend,
i struggled 3 days to get this, which i found in many websites, but not as clear as this.
Thanks!
WPBeginner Support says
Hey Paul, glad you found it helpful. Don’t forget to follow us on Facebook for more WordPress tips and tutorials.
Admin
Rangan Roy says
I have used this code in my gallery custom post type for category support. It shows the name of the category but when i click on the category name it shows 404.php page. Please help me to solve it. I want the category posts to show on my archive.php page.
Ayla says
I’ve created a custom post type and a taxonomy to go with it, but when I create a custom post and add tags to it they don’t show up like normal tags do on normal posts. How do I get them to display at the bottom of the post like normal so people can click on them and find more like it?
Thank you!
-Ayla
WPBeginner Support says
You will need to create a new template to display your custom post type and edit that template to show your custom taxonomy.
Admin
Giulia says
Hi everybody! First of all thank you for this article!
I’ve found that “Simple Taxonomies” plugin is kind of out of date, since it hasn’t been updated since 2 years…. do you have any other plugin to suggest to create custom taxonomies?
thanks
Giulia
Mario says
I’m not the author of this post, but I use “Custom Post Type UI” to create custom taxonomies. With 300k installs, I’m pretty sure this plugin is as close as you can get to industry standard.
Hope this helps!
Ryan Hall says
Amazing. thank you!
Ryan says
How do you disassociate the posts with the “regular” categories?
WPBeginner Support says
Please see our guide on how to merge and bulk edit categories and tags in WordPress.
Admin
Sunny says
Hello,
The description is not prominent by default; however, some themes may show it. But still show on front.
How to hide taxonomy description from front ?
I want to add description on taxonomy but i don’t want they show on front .
Please tell me about what i can do.
Thank You
ajax says
How do one automate the population of the taxonomy value with the value in a custom field.
Charles Hall says
The article is OK, but the video is very poor. The sound quality is bad, she talks way too fast, obvious things are elaborated on but the explanation of what you’re doing and why is missing, as is the other content in the lower portion of the article.
Jennifer says
I am working on a WordPress website. I created categories using a plugin called “Categories Images”. One of the categories is named “Videos” so there is one folder/category that is supposed to show videos but images. The problem is, because the plugin is designed to upload images only, the YouTube videos do not show up. How can I edit the PHP files (create a custom taxonomy, edit single.php, edit taxonomy-{taxonomy-slug}.php, etc.) so that the post can show and play YouTube videos??
Jamie Wallace says
If you want more control over how things are pulled from the backend to the frontend look into using the Advanced Custom Fields plugin. This is a plugin for developers (so some code is involved) but its very powerful for things like what you ask
Muhammad says
Hi I have followed the manual way of creating custom taxonomy and i just used Ads/Ad instead of Topics/Topic . But i don’t see any custom taxonomy in post editor though i checked the custom taxonomy form Screen Options.
though the custom taxonomy(Ads) is showing in admin submenu under Posts.
Muhammad says
Here is my code snipped in functions.php file
_x( ‘Ads’, ‘taxonomy general name’ ),
‘singular_name’ => _x( ‘Ad’, ‘taxonomy singular name’ ),
‘search_items’ => __( ‘Search Ads’ ),
‘all_items’ => __( ‘All Ads’ ),
‘parent_item’ => __( ‘Parent Ad’ ),
‘parent_item_colon’ => __( ‘Parent Ad:’ ),
‘edit_item’ => __( ‘Edit Ad’ ),
‘update_item’ => __( ‘Update Ad’ ),
‘add_new_item’ => __( ‘Add New Ad’ ),
‘new_item_name’ => __( ‘New Ad Name’ ),
‘menu_name’ => __( ‘Ads’ ),
);
// Now register the taxonomy
register_taxonomy(‘ads’,array(‘post’), array(
‘hierarchical’ => true,
‘labels’ => $labels,
‘show_ui’ => true,
‘show_admin_column’ => true,
‘query_var’ => true,
‘rewrite’ => array( ‘slug’ => ‘ad’ ),
));
}
?>
Robert Herold says
How to show the number of posts on taxonomy-{taxonomy-slug}.php?
Robert Herold says
How can I display my custom taxonomies list like the category list
WPBeginner Support says
Please see our guide How to display custom taxonomy terms in WordPress sidebar widgets.
Admin
Robert Herold says
Wow! Thanx! Superb!!!!!! :))
Abdul Rauf Bhatti says
Hy Dear WPBEGINNER SUPPORT,
I have learned many things in this tutorial next time will you please elaborate functions parameter which you have used some time i got in trouble or confused with parameters.
Thanks a lot Nice tutorial 5 rating
WPBeginner Support says
Thanks for the feedback, we will try to improve our code explanation in the future.
Admin
lee says
Is there a way to get multiple custom taxonomy to use the same slug or same url? Please show us how if you or anyone knows.
pdepmcp says
It may sound obvious, but…remember to refresh the permalink cache or you can waste some hours trying to figure out why archive pages don’t work…
Ilya says
Thank you very much!!!
I wasted hours in debug mode, but cannot determine why my permalink redirects to 404 page! But after flushing “permalink cache” all works fine.
Thank you again!
winson says
Hello.
How can I get a different Posts Link? I mean I want to get 2 different links after I published a New Post.
E.G:
Category Name – > Facebook (theme template A)
Topic Name – > Twitter (theme template B)
Then I submit a post to these 2 Categories. I want get 1 link for “Facebook” and 1 Link for “Twitter”.
Best Regards
foolish coder says
how to create single pages / templates for taxonomies?
I mean like single.php not like category.php
Alex says
Try taxonomy.php ()
WPBeginner Staff says
Yes, you can do that.
fatima says
what if we want to create more than 2 taxonomies, categories style (hierarchy true)
Aalaap Ghag says
I’m building a site which has multiple item thumbnails, each of which leads to a page with multiple images for that item (i.e. product). Are taxonomies the way to go or should I be looking at something else?
leona says
Hi This is a great tutorial. But what if I want to display a custom taxonomies as posts in my menu? for instance I have a custom post type called ‘poems’ and custom taxomies classic, modern, new wave. each poem post is assigned one of these taxonomies. In the menu I want to see a menu entitled poems with 3 subheadings (classic, modrn, new wave). Each will display only the poems tagged with one taxonomy. Is this possible?